Can I use an Americanized last name in my resume instead of my actual last name in the US?

Can I use an Americanized last name in my resume instead of my actual last name in the US?

Yes.

Since resumes are not legal documents, you can use any name you like.

Remember though, that you'll need to use your legal last name for background checks, etc. And of course, recruiters, interviewers and others will see the difference between the names you use on your resume and elsewhere. They will see the difference when searching for you online. Be ready to explain why you are doing this.

You'll need to consider if this discrepancy in names would lead to more discrimination than just using the same name for everything.

Over the years, I interviewed a lot of candidates. I've seen many use an Americanized first name, but I don't believe I've personally ever seen an Americanized last name. I suspect most would find this unusual. You should consider if you want to stand out this way.

One thing to consider now in 2026 is the widespread fraud in the hiring market. Combined with the lack of open roles, companies are getting very risk adverse when it comes to this sort of thing.

Changing Jabłoński to Jablonski is totally fine. Using your preferred first name, or an Americanized first name is usually completely fine (with the noteworthy exception being transphobic companies when your preferred/legal name difference outs you). Having a different family name on your resume due to marriage or divorce is usually fine too.

Changing your family name to something completely different to avoid discrimination is rarely going to be okay in the United States in 2026. Companies are going to assume you're doing it to defraud them; that (from the comments) Nikolai Kuznetsov is a completely different person than Nicholas Smith and maybe not even based in the United States. Beyond that, many hiring managers will view this as deceitful. Starting off your relationship with deceit is a very bad way to start the relationship.