If asked in an interview, how do you phrase you like a hands off management style?

Responsiblity and Empowered

You like to be given the responsibility to get something accomplished and to be empowered to complete it. You prefer to be in in a position that is managed accordingly. After all, you aren't telling them how to manage their business are you? :)

The goal is to put it into your own words that you aren't a drone or looking to be an assembly line worker (not that there is anything negative with assembly lines).

If that isn't what you mean, please correct me.

This mostly goes without saying. Nobody likes being micromanaged; no employer is going to appreciate being accused of micromanaging. Scheduling meetings in advance is similarly just standard good management practice, with the understanding that it isn't always possible and some managers are more skilled than others.

Personally, I would have asked them to define their question better, and then answered in the terms they used... Or, maybe better, focused on what you consider good practice rather than bad practice, and what environment helps you be most productive.

They don't really want to hear you complain about past bosses; that is never a good look. They want to understand your strengths and weaknesses, and you want to keep that focused as much as possible on strengths.