Proactive Infrastructure Monitoring in Smart Cities via WSNs

As urban populations grow and aging infrastructure becomes increasingly vulnerable, smart cities demand advanced monitoring solutions that are both scalable and proactive.This study proposes a modular Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) architecture designed for real-time infrastructure health monitoring.The system integrates heterogeneous sensors, low-power wireless communication protocols, edge processing, and cloud-based analytics to enable early detection of structural anomalies in critical urban assets such as bridges, roads, and buildings.The proposed four-layer framework comprising sensing, communication, data processing, and application layers was validated through a 90-day deployment on the Rajpath Smart Bridge.Sensor nodes monitored key parameters including strain, vibration, temperature, and humidity, while machine learning algorithms were used for anomaly detection and trend forecasting.The system achieved a packet delivery ratio of 97.2%, latency under 3 seconds, and anomaly detection accuracy exceeding 92%.Comparative analysis with traditional inspection and wired systems demonstrated the WSN's superior flexibility, lower operational cost, and integration with smart city platforms.The results underscore the viability of WSNs as a core enabler of predictive maintenance and intelligent infrastructure management.This work contributes a practical roadmap for deploying city-scale sensor networks capable of extending the lifespan and safety of vital public infrastructure.Povzetek: Študija predstavlja uporabo brezžičnih senzorskih omrežij za učinkovito spremljanje stanja mestne infrastrukture in pravočasno odkrivanje morebitnih poškodb.