A Novel Urban Heat Vulnerability Analysis: Integrating Machine Learning and Remote Sensing for Enhanced Insights

Rapid urbanization and climate change exacerbate the urban heat island effect, increasing the vulnerability of urban residents to extreme heat. Although many studies have assessed urban heat vulnerability, there is a significant lack of standardized criteria and references for selecting indicators, building models, and validating those models. Many existing approaches do not adequately meet urban planning needs due to insufficient spatial resolution, temporal coverage, and accuracy. To address this gap, this paper introduces the U-HEAT framework, a conceptual model for analyzing urban heat vulnerability. The primary objective is to outline the theoretical foundations and potential applications of U-HEAT, emphasizing its conceptual nature. This framework integrates machine learning (ML) with remote sensing (RS) to identify urban heat vulnerability at both long-term and detailed levels. It combines retrospective and forward-looking mapping for continuous monitoring and assessment, providing essential data for developing comprehensive strategies. With its active learning capacity, U-HEAT enables model refinement and the evaluation of policy impacts. The framework presented in this paper offers a standardized and sustainable approach, aiming to enhance practical analysis tools. It highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research in bolstering urban resilience and stresses the need for sustainable urban ecosystems capable of addressing the complex challenges posed by climate change and increased urban heat. This study provides valuable insights for researchers, urban administrators, and planners to effectively combat urban heat challenges.