The Challenge of Digital Innovation for Sustainable Healthcare Infrastructures: Current Practices in the Italian Context

Within the hospital sector, digitalization brings smarter, more resilient and more sustainable systems. Advancements in remote sensing technologies and building information modeling (BIM) are revolutionizing infrastructure design and construction. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of digitalization on the spatial configuration of hospitals and its effects on operational efficiency and environmental sustainability, combining theoretical insights with an empirical survey of fourteen hospitals in Italy. The methodology adopted consisted of the following steps: (i) the conduct of a literature review; (ii) the analysis of international best practice; (iii) the definition of criteria to support the design of digital hospitals; (iv) the investigation on the Italian context through a survey; (v) data collection and analysis to support the formulation of strategies for smart hospital development. The findings highlight how the adoption of innovative solutions related to clinical and management sector can optimize hospital workflow, enhance management efficiency, and create safer and more functional and sustainable environments. However, the persistence of outdated infrastructures and the need for significant adaptation still represent major barriers: only 28.7% of hospitals have a fully centralized logistics hub, and just 7.1% have implemented a Digital Twin. In conclusion, this research provides a reference framework for designers, healthcare administrators, and policymakers, outlining strategies for the development of smart and sustainable hospitals.