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Penerapan Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Melalui Advance Pricing Agreement (APA) dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pajak di Indonesia

Shalomitha Tirza Ardanina Putri, FX Suyud Margono, Sendi Sanjaya
October 6, 2026
Published Date

Research Abstract & Technology Focus

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya kesenjangan (gap) kinerja di Pengadilan Pajak Indonesia, di mana selama periode 2020–2025 rata-rata penyelesaian sengketa hanya mencapai 59,53%, sehingga memicu penumpukan perkara (backlog) sebesar 40,47%. Jalur litigasi konvensional dinilai belum mampu memberikan solusi yang cepat, sederhana, dan murah, dengan rata-rata waktu penyelesaian perkara mencapai 568,31 hari (1,577 tahun). Kondisi ini menciptakan ketidakpastian hukum dan beban biaya kepatuhan yang tinggi bagi dunia usaha. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada dua hal utama: pertama, menelaah bagaimana pengaturan dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa pajak melalui penerapan Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) dalam bentuk Advance Pricing Agreement (APA) sebagai sarana pencegahan (preventif) sengketa perpajakan internasional. Kedua, menelaah bagaimana pertimbangan hukum Majelis Hakim dalam studi kasus Putusan Pengadilan Pajak Nomor PUT-001001.15/2023/PP/M.IIB Tahun 2025 telah mencerminkan prinsip keadilan, kepastian, dan kemanfaatan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan kasus (case approach). Data yang digunakan meliputi bahan hukum primer seperti UU KUP, UU PPh, UU Pengadilan Pajak, serta PMK 172/2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa APA merupakan bentuk ADR preventif yang efektif untuk memitigasi risiko sengketa harga transfer (transfer pricing) sebelum transaksi terjadi (ex-ante). Melalui studi kasus Putusan Pengadilan Pajak Nomor PUT-001001.15/2023/PP/M.IIB Tahun 2025, ditemukan bahwa Majelis Hakim telah menerapkan hukum progresif dan prinsip substance over form dengan mengakomodasi pencabutan banding Wajib Pajak. Pencabutan ini didasari oleh tercapainya kesepakatan Bilateral Advance Pricing Agreement (BAPA) dan penggunaan klausul pemberlakuan mundur (roll-back) yang memberikan kepastian hukum serta efisiensi waktu dan biaya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penguatan instrumen APA dapat menjadi solusi strategis untuk mengurangi penumpukan perkara di pengadilan sekaligus menciptakan iklim investasi yang lebih kondusif di Indonesia.
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This literature focuses on: Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya kesenjangan (gap) kinerja di Pengadilan Pajak Indonesia, di mana selama periode 2020–2025 rata-rata penyelesaian sengketa hanya mencapai 59,53%, sehingga memicu penumpukan perkara (backlog) sebesar 40,47...

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Yes, highly correlated activity was mapped. An entry titled 'Analysis of Sectoral Contributions and Intersectoral Linkages in The Economy of Bali Province: An Input-Output and Multiplier Product Matrix Approach' discusses this: Background: Regional economic development aims to improve community welfare through a productive and sustainable economic structure. Bali Province ...

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