Prospects for Gasoline and Petrochemical Production in the Context of the Energy Transition

Environmental commitments related to fuel production make it imperative that new forms of propulsion be developed in the future. This review discusses the most salient aspects related to recent alternative fuels, such as biofuels and electric fuels, considered low-carbon fuels, as well as zero-emission fuels, such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), as part of the actions that are already foreseeable for the future replacement of fossil fuels. A section is related to the challenges that existing fossil fuels are facing during this energy transition. Petrochemical production is another important issue discussed in this document, addressing first the most relevant aspects related to the petrochemical industry, with special focus placed on the many chemical products that can be obtained, using route maps to describe their production paths and some of their applications. Finally, the review discusses the fundamental aspects that will prevail as the pillars for the development of the petrochemical industry in the future, which, among other things, considers C1 chemistry as the central axis of the long-term development of the petrochemical industry.